Verbatim
Content-analysis methods
Verbatim supports these nine qualitative content- and discourse-analysis approaches. Each is a declared method you choose when you set up a study; it shapes the guidance and the composed report.
- Directed content analysis — Start from an existing theory or codebook and apply it deductively to the text. (Hsieh & Shannon (2005))
- Summative content analysis — Count manifest words and keywords in context, then read them for latent meaning. (Hsieh & Shannon (2005))
- Conventional content analysis — Let the codes emerge inductively from the data, without a prior scheme. (Hsieh & Shannon (2005))
- Thematic analysis (codebook) — Organise codes into themes — patterns of meaning you build above the codes. (Braun & Clarke (2006))
- Grounded theory — Build a theory from the ground up through open, axial, and selective coding. (Glaser & Strauss (1967); Charmaz (2006))
- Interpretative phenomenological analysis — Read each case closely for lived experience, then pattern across cases. (Smith, Flowers & Larkin (2009))
- Framework method — Index and chart the data in a matrix, then map and interpret across cases. (Ritchie & Spencer (1994); Gale et al. (2013))
- Template analysis — Begin with an a-priori template of codes and revise it iteratively as you code. (King (2012))
- Discourse analysis — Read the text for how language constructs meaning, position, and power. (Willig (2008); van Dijk (2003))